31 Core Competencies Explained
Major competencies for which employers look, along with some of the
behaviors associated with each.
The following is a summarized list of the 31 competencies listed
by "cluster" (similar competencies related to a common skill set).
Each competency includes a definition and the observable behaviors
that may indicate the existence of a competency in a person.
I. Competencies Dealing with People
The Leading Others Cluster
Communication and Influencing Cluster
II. Compentencies Dealing with Business
The Preventing and Solving Problems Cluster
The Achieving Results Cluster
III. Self-Management Compentencies
I. Competencies Dealing with People
The Leading Others Cluster
1. Establishing Focus:
The ability to develop and communicate goals in support
of the business' mission.
· Acts to align own unit's goals with the strategic direction
of the business.
· Ensures that people in the unit understand how their work
relates to the business' mission.
· Ensures that everyone understands and identifies with the
unit's mission.
· Ensures that the unit develops goals and a plan to help
2. Providing Motivational Support:
The ability to enhance others' commitment to their work.
· Recognizes and rewards people for their achievements.
· Acknowledges and thanks people for their contributions.
· Expresses pride in the group and encourages people to feel
good about their accomplishments.
· Finds creative ways to make people's work rewarding.
· Signals own commitment to a process by being personally
present and involved at key events.
· Identifies and promptly tackles morale problems.
· Gives talks or presentations that energize groups.
3. Fostering Teamwork:
As a team member, the ability and desire to work cooperatively with
others on a team; as a team leader, the ability to demonstrate
interest, skill, and success in getting groups to learn to work
together.
Behaviors for Team Members
· Listens and responds constructively to other team members'
ideas.
· Offers support for others' ideas and proposals.
· Is open with other team members about his/her concerns.
· Expresses disagreement constructively (e.g., by emphasizing
points of agreement, suggesting alternatives that may be acceptable
to the group).
· Reinforces team members for their contributions.
· Gives honest and constructive feedback to other team members.
· Provides assistance to others when they need it.
· Works for solutions that all team members can support.
· Shares his/her expertise with others.
· Seeks opportunities to work on teams as a means to develop
experience, and knowledge.
· Provides assistance, information, or other support to others,
to build or maintain relationships with them.
Behaviors for Team Leaders
· Provides opportunities for people to learn to work together
as a team.
· Enlists the active participation of everyone.
· Promotes cooperation with other work units.
· Ensures that all team members are treated fairly.
· Recognizes and encourages the behaviors that contribute to
teamwork.
4. Empowering Others:
The ability to convey confidence in employees' ability to be
successful, especially at challenging new tasks; delegating
significant responsibility and authority; allowing employees freedom
to decide how they will accomplish their goals and resolve issues.
· Gives people latitude to make decisions in their own sphere
of work.
· Is able to let others make decisions and take charge.
· Encourages individuals and groups to set their own goals,
consistent with business goals.
· Expresses confidence in the ability of others to be
successful.
· Encourages groups to resolve problems on their own; avoids
prescribing a solution.
5. Managing Change:
The ability to demonstrate support for innovation and for
organizational changes needed to improve the organization's
effectiveness; initiating, sponsoring, and implementing
organizational change; helping others to successfully manage
organizational change.
Employee Behaviors
· Personally develops a new method or approach.
· Proposes new approaches, methods, or technologies.
· Develops better, faster, or less expensive ways to do things.
Manager/Leader Behaviors
· Works cooperatively with others to produce innovative
solutions.
· Takes the lead in setting new business directions,
partnerships, policies or procedures.
· Seizes opportunities to influence the future direction of an
organizational unit or the overall business.
· Helps employees to develop a clear understanding of what they
will need to do differently, as a result of changes in the
organization.
· Implements or supports various change management activities
(e.g., communications, education, team development, coaching).
· Establishes structures and processes to plan and manage the
orderly implementation of change.
· Helps individuals and groups manage the anxiety associated
with significant change.
· Facilitates groups or teams through the problem-solving and
creative-thinking processes leading to the development and
implementation of new approaches, systems, structures, and methods.
6. Developing Others:
The ability to delegate responsibility and to work with others and
coach them to develop their capabilities.
· Provides helpful, behaviorally specific feedback to others.
· Shares information, advice, and suggestions to help others to
be more successful; provides effective coaching.
· Gives people assignments that will help develop their
abilities.
· Regularly meets with employees to review their development
progress.
· Recognizes and reinforces people's developmental efforts and
improvements.
· Expresses confidence in others' ability to be successful.
7. Managing Performance:
The ability to take responsibility for one's own or one's employees'
performance, by setting clear goals and expectations, tracking
progress against the goals, ensuring feedback, and addressing
performance problems and issues promptly.
Behaviors for employees
· With his/her manager, sets specific, measurable goals that
are realistic but challenging, with dates for accomplishment.
· With his/her manager, clarifies expectations about what will
be done and how.
· Enlists his/her manager's support in obtaining the
information, resources, and training needed to accomplish his/her
work effectively.
· Promptly notifies his/her manager about any problems that
affect his/her ability to accomplish planned goals.
· Seeks performance feedback from his/her manager and from
others with whom he/she interacts on the job.
· Prepares a personal development plan with specific goals and
a timeline for their accomplishment.
· Takes significant action to develop skills needed for
effectiveness in current or future job.
Behaviors for managers
· Ensures that employees have clear goals and responsibilities.
· Works with employees to set and communicate performance
standards that are specific and measurable.
· Supports employees in their efforts to achieve job goals
(e.g., by providing resources, removing obstacles, acting as a
buffer).
· Stays informed about employees' progress and performance
through both formal methods (e.g., status reports) and informal
methods (e.g., management by walking around).
· Provides specific performance feedback, both positive and
corrective, as soon as possible after an event.
· Deals firmly and promptly with performance problems;
Communication and Influencing Cluster
8. Attention to Communication:
The ability to ensure that information is passed on to others who
should be kept informed.
· Ensures that others involved in a project or effort are kept
informed about developments and plans.
· Ensures that important information from his/her management is
shared with his/her employees and others as appropriate.
· Shares ideas and information with others who might find them
useful.
· Uses multiple channels or means to communicate important
messages (e.g., memos, newsletters, meetings, electronic mail).
· Keeps his/her manager informed about progress and problems;
avoids surprises.
· Ensures that regular, consistent communication takes place.
9. Oral Communication:
The ability to express oneself clearly in conversations and
interactions with others.
· Speaks clearly and can be easily understood.
· Tailors the content of speech to the level and experience of
the audience.
· Uses appropriate grammar and choice of words in oral speech.
· Organizes ideas clearly in oral speech.
· Expresses ideas concisely in oral speech.
· Maintains eye contact when speaking with others.
· Summarizes or paraphrases his/her understanding of what
others have said to verify understanding and prevent miscommunication.
10. Written Communication:
The ability to express oneself clearly in business writing.
· Expresses ideas clearly and concisely in writing.
· Organizes written ideas clearly and signals the organization
to the reader (e.g., through an introductory paragraph or through use
of headings).
· Tailors written communications to effectively reach an
audience.
· Uses graphics and other aids to clarify complex or technical
information.
· Spells correctly.
· Writes using concrete, specific language.
· Uses punctuation correctly.
· Writes grammatically.
· Uses an appropriate business writing style. ]
11. Persuasive Communication:
The ability to plan and deliver oral and written communications that
make an impact and persuade their intended audiences.
· Identifies and presents information or data that will have a
strong effect on others.
· Selects language and examples tailored to the level and
experience of the audience.
· Selects stories, analogies, or examples to illustrate a point.
· Creates graphics, overheads, or slides that display
information clearly and with high impact.
· Presents several different arguments in support of a position.
12. Interpersonal Awareness:
The ability to notice, interpret, and anticipate others' concerns and
feelings, and to communicate this awareness empathetically to others.
· Understands the interests and important concerns of others.
· Notices and accurately interprets what others are feeling,
based on their choice of words, tone of voice, expressions, and other
nonverbal behavior.
· Anticipates how others will react to a situation.
· Listens attentively to people's ideas and concerns.
· Understands both the strengths and weaknesses of others.
· Understands the unspoken meaning in a situation.
· Says or does things to address others' concerns.
· Finds non-threatening ways to approach others about sensitive
issues.
· Makes others feel comfortable by responding in ways that
convey interest in what they have to say.
13. Influencing Others:
The ability to gain others' support for ideas, proposals, projects,
and solutions.
· Presents arguments that address others' most important
concerns and issues and looks for win-win solutions.
· Involves others in a process or decision to ensure their
support.
· Offers trade-offs or exchanges to gain commitment.
· Identifies and proposes solutions that benefit all parties
involved in a situation.
· Enlists experts or third parties to influence others.
· Develops other indirect strategies to influence others.
· Knows when to escalate critical issues to own or others'
management, if own efforts to enlist support have not succeeded.
· Structures situations (e.g., the setting, persons present,
sequence of events) to create a desired impact and to maximize the
chances of a favorable outcome.
· Works to make a particular impression on others.
· Identifies and targets influence efforts at the real decision
makers and those who can influence them.
· Seeks out and builds relationships with others who can
provide information, intelligence, career support, potential
business, and other forms of help.
· Takes a personal interest in others (e.g., by asking about
their concerns, interests, family, friends, hobbies) to develop
relationships.
· Accurately anticipates the implications of events or
decisions for various stakeholders in the organization and plans
strategy accordingly.
14. Building Collaborative Relationships:
The ability to develop, maintain, and strengthen partnerships with
others inside or outside the organization who can provide
information, assistance, and support.
· Asks about the other person's personal experiences,
interests, and family.
· Asks questions to identify shared interest, experiences, or
other common ground.
· Shows an interest in what others have to say; acknowledges
their perspectives and ideas.
· Recognizes the business concerns and perspectives of others.
· Expresses gratitude and appreciation to others who have
provided information, assistance, or support.
· Takes time to get to know coworkers, to build rapport and
establish a common bond.
· Tries to build relationships with people whose assistance,
cooperation, and support may be needed.
· Provides assistance, information, and support to others to
build a basis for future reciprocity.
15. Customer Orientation:
The ability to demonstrate concern for satisfying one's external
and/or internal customers.
· Quickly and effectively solves customer problems.
· Talks to customers (internal or external) to find out what
they want and how satisfied they are with what they are getting.
· Lets customers know he/she is willing to work with them to
meet their needs.
· Finds ways to measure and track customer satisfaction.
· Presents a cheerful, positive manner with customers.
II. Compentencies Dealing with Business
The Preventing and Solving Problems Cluster
16. Diagnostic Information Gathering:
The ability to identify the information needed to clarify a
situation, seek that information from appropriate sources, and use
skillful questioning to draw out the information, when others are
reluctant to disclose it
· Identifies the specific information needed to clarify a
situation or to make a decision.
· Gets more complete and accurate information by checking
multiple sources.
· Probes skillfully to get at the facts, when others are
reluctant to provide full, detailed information.
· Routinely walks around to see how people are doing and to
hear about any problems they are encountering.
· Questions others to assess whether they have thought through
a plan of action.
· Questions others to assess their confidence in solving a
problem or tackling a situation.
· Asks questions to clarify a situation.
· Seeks the perspective of everyone involved in a situation.
· Seeks out knowledgeable people to obtain information or
clarify a problem.
17. Analytical Thinking:
The ability to tackle a problem by using a logical, systematic,
sequential approach.
· Makes a systematic comparison of two or more alternatives.
· Notices discrepancies and inconsistencies in available
information.
· Identifies a set of features, parameters, or considerations
to take into account, in analyzing a situation or making a decision.
· Approaches a complex task or problem by breaking it down into
its component parts and considering each part in detail.
· Weighs the costs, benefits, risks, and chances for success,
in making a decision.
· Identifies many possible causes for a problem.
· Carefully weighs the priority of things to be done.
18. Forward Thinking:
The ability to anticipate the implications and consequences of
situations and take appropriate action to be prepared for possible
contingencies.
· Anticipates possible problems and develops contingency plans
in advance.
· Notices trends in the industry or marketplace and develops
plans to prepare for opportunities or problems.
· Anticipates the consequences of situations and plans
accordingly.
· Anticipates how individuals and groups will react to
situations and information and plans accordingly.
19. Conceptual Thinking:
The ability to find effective solutions by taking a holistic,
abstract, or theoretical perspective.
· Notices similarities between different and apparently
unrelated situations.
· Quickly identifies the central or underlying issues in a
complex situation.
· Creates a graphic diagram showing a systems view of a
situation.
· Develops analogies or metaphors to explain a situation.
· Applies a theoretical framework to understand a specific
situation.
20. Strategic Thinking:
The ability to analyze the organization's competitive position by
considering market and industry trends, existing and potential
customers (internal and external), and strengths and weaknesses as
compared to competitors.
· Understands the organization's strengths and weaknesses as
compared to competitors.
· Understands industry and market trends affecting the
organization's competitiveness.
· Has an in-depth understanding of competitive products and
services within the marketplace.
· Develops and proposes a long-term (3-5 year) strategy for the
organization based on an analysis of the industry and marketplace and
the organization's current and potential capabilities as compared to
competitors.
21. Technical Expertise:
The ability to demonstrate depth of knowledge and skill in a
technical area.
· Effectively applies technical knowledge to solve a range of
problems.
· Possesses an in-depth knowledge and skill in a technical area.
· Develops technical solutions to new or highly complex
problems that cannot be solved using existing methods or approaches.
· Is sought out as an expert to provide advice or solutions in
his/her technical area.
· Keeps informed about cutting-edge technology in his/her
technical area.
The Achieving Results Cluster
22. Initiative:
Identifying what needs to be done and doing it before being asked or
before the situation requires it.
· Identifying what needs to be done and takes action before
being asked or the situation requires it.
· Does more than what is normally required in a situation.
· Seeks out others involved in a situation to learn their
perspectives.
· Takes independent action to change the direction of events.
23. Entrepreneurial Orientation:
The ability to look for and seize profitable business opportunities;
willingness to take calculated risks to achieve business goals.
· Notices and seizes profitable business opportunities.
· Stays abreast of business, industry, and market information
that may reveal business opportunities.
· Demonstrates willingness to take calculated risks to achieve
business goals.
· Proposes innovative business deals to potential customers,
suppliers, and business partners.
· Encourages and supports entrepreneurial behavior in others.
24. Fostering Innovation:
The ability to develop, sponsor, or support the introduction of new
and improved method, products, procedures, or technologies.
· Personally develops a new product or service.
· Personally develops a new method or approach.
· Sponsors the development of new products, services, methods,
or procedures.
· Proposes new approaches, methods, or technologies.
· Develops better, faster, or less expensive ways to do things.
· Works cooperatively with others to produce innovative
solutions.
25. Results Orientation:
The ability to focus on the desired result of one's own or one's
unit's work, setting challenging goals, focusing effort on the goals,
and meeting or exceeding them.
· Develops challenging but achievable goals.
· Develops clear goals for meetings and projects.
· Maintains commitment to goals in the face of obstacles and
frustrations.
· Finds or creates ways to measure performance against goals.
· Exerts unusual effort over time to achieve a goal.
· Has a strong sense of urgency about solving problems and
getting work done.
26. Thoroughness:
Ensuring that one's own and others' work and information are complete
and accurate; carefully preparing for meetings and presentations;
following up with others to ensure that agreements and commitments
have been fulfilled.
· Sets up procedures to ensure high quality of work (e.g.,
review meetings).
· Monitors the quality of work.
· Verifies information.
· Checks the accuracy of own and others' work.
· Develops and uses systems to organize and keep track of
information or work progress.
· Carefully prepares for meetings and presentations.
· Organizes information or materials for others.
· Carefully reviews and checks the accuracy of information in
work reports (e.g., production, sales, financial performance)
provided by management, management information systems, or other
individuals and groups.
27. Decisiveness:
The ability to make difficult decisions in a timely manner.
· Is willing to make decisions in difficult or ambiguous
situations, when time is critical.
· Takes charge of a group when it is necessary to facilitate
change, overcome an impasse, face issues, or ensure that decisions
are made.
· Makes tough decisions (e.g., closing a facility, reducing
staff, accepting or rejecting a high-stakes deal).
III. Self-Management Compentencies
28. Self Confidence:
Faith in one's own ideas and capability to be successful; willingness
to take an independent position in the face of opposition.
· Is confident of own ability to accomplish goals.
· Presents self crisply and impressively.
· Is willing to speak up to the right person or group at the
right time, when he/she disagrees with a decision or strategy.
· Approaches challenging tasks with a "can-do" attitude.
29. Stress Management:
The ability to keep functioning effectively when under pressure and
maintain self control in the face of hostility or provocation.
· Remains calm under stress.
· Can effectively handle several problems or tasks at once.
· Controls his/her response when criticized, attacked or
provoked.
· Maintains a sense of humor under difficult circumstances.
· Manages own behavior to prevent or reduce feelings of stress.
30. Personal Credibility:
Demonstrated concern that one be perceived as responsible, reliable,
and trustworthy.
· Does what he/she commits to doing.
· Respects the confidentiality of information or concerns
shared by others.
· Is honest and forthright with people.
· Carries his/her fair share of the workload.
· Takes responsibility for own mistakes; does not blame others.
· Conveys a command of the relevant facts and information.
31. Flexibility:
Openness to different and new ways of doing things; willingness to
modify one's preferred way of doing things.
· Is able to see the merits of perspectives other than his/her
own.
· Demonstrates openness to new organizational structures,
procedures, and technology.
· Switches to a different strategy when an initially selected
one is unsuccessful.
· Demonstrates willingness to modify a strongly held position
in the face of contrary evidence.
Reprinted from "Value Added employeee by Edward J. Cripe and Richard
S. Mansfield, Copyright 2002 by Butterworth-Heinermann.
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